Heating-stove.



J. J. HARDIN.

HEATING STOVE. APPLICATI ON FILED JUNE 16, I9I5- 1 1 92, 1 90, PatantedJuly 25, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Fig.1

WITNESSES: /W fi/LM INVENTOR.

w. T ATTORNEY J. J. HARDIN.

HEATING STOVE.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 16. 1915.

Patented July 25, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

'IIIII/Il/IIII/IIIII A IN V EN TOR WITNESSES A TTORNEY Z MX QZM/JJACQUES J. HARDIN, OF BELLINGHAM, WASHINGTON.

HEATING-STOVE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 25, 191

Application filed June 16, 1915. Serial No. 34,338.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J ACQUES J. HARDIN, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Bellingham, in the county of Whatcom and State ofVashington, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating-Stoves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in heating stoves; and the primaryobject of my invention is to make a stove in which the fuel is burned atgreater efliciency than is usually possible, while some of the secondaryobjects are to make a sectional stove so that it canbe enlarged byadding more sections, and also, one that can be closely regulated toproduce varying amounts of heat as desired.

The apparatus by which I attain these ob jects is illustrated in theaccompanying two sheets of drawings in which Figure 1 is a frontelevation of my stove,

Fig. 2 a rear elevation of the same, Fig. 3

a side elevation broken away transversely and partly in section on theline A B of Fig. 5, Fig. 4: an elevation of the left-hand constituentsection 1 as seen from the right, and having the front plate of thestove in place, which is also broken away transversely and of which onehalf is shown in cross section ofn the dotted line zvy of-Fig. 3, andFig. 5 is a plan view, and Fig. 6 is a perspective view of .the firepotportions of two sections broken away from the remaining portions of saidsections.

In some of the views certain parts are omitted or broken into in orderto show other parts hidden thereby.

In all of the views similar characters refer to similar parts.

The stove illustrated comprises the four similar sections or units 1, 1,1, 1, the front plate 2 and back plate 3. Each section, as best shown inFig. 4, is symmetrical about a medial, vertical plane and comprises acentral space 1, and a lower space 1 separated from the central space bythe partition 1 The space 1 is embraced by two vertical, return,radiator, smoke lines the return ends of which communicate with a domechamber 1. The up flue 1 of each of said vertical, return flues leadsfrom said lower space 1',

and the down flue 1 of each of the same leads into a'section of a.horizontal, radiator,

smoke flue 1. Said up anddofwn flues are separated by the partitions1, 1. When several of the sections 1, and front and back plates 2 and 3,are fastened together by bolts 11, 11, 11,through registering holes asshown in F igs; 1, 2, 3- and 5, the central spaces 1 are joined andinclosed to constitute a fuel and gas magazine, and the lowerRegistering grooves or serrations 12*, 12*, 1

etc., are made in the edges of boththe firepot and lining 12. These areof graded widths diminishing from the lower part of the firepot towardits upper parts where they are quite small. In the assembled stove thesegrooves face each other in the juxtaposed edges of 1, 1*, etc., andconstitute grate openings which furnish the only means of communicationbetween the ashpit and the magazine. Beneath the firepot is placed theash-pan 8, Fig. 3. The front plate 2 is provided with the fuel chute 4and the draft flue 4 covered by housings 2 and 2". Also there are twoopenings 2 through plate 2 entering the ashpit 1 from the bifurcatedlower ends of flue 4. Plate 2 is further furnished with holesregistering with horizontal flues 1, 1 which are covered bythumbscrew-retained caps 2, 2. Also there .pipe 10, and also two holesregistering with horizontal fines 1, 1 and communicating with smoke flue3 Said flue 3 covered by housing 3 affords communication betweenhorizontal flues 1, l and smoke pipe 10. A damper 3 to close hole 3 isinstalled under housing 3 on damper shaft 3. A

rectangular hole is provided in the lower "The magazine 1 is filled withfuel through part of housing 3 through which said damper is introduced.This hole is not illustrated but is shown as closed by cover 3. Dampershaft 3 is mounted for sliding endwise in hearings in said cover 3 andin the upper end of housing 3. The shaft 3 is attached to damper 3 bybearings 3. These bearings permit the rotation of said shaft. bugs 3' onsaid shaft, prevent endwise movement of said shaft relative to thedamper. The lower end 3 of the damper shaft 3 is bent over at rightangles and can engage with one of lugs 3 A cold handle 3 is attachedto-the upper end of. the damper shaft. To operate this damper the handle3 is turned to a position at right angles to the plate 3 when the end 3is disengaged from a lug 3*. Then the damper can be moved to itsdotted-outline position v and retained there by turning said handle andthe shaft 3 sothat the end 3 engages with the lowest one .of lugs 3 Thenthe damper is fully opened. Said damper can be retained in any ofseveral intermediate positions between the fully closed position, shownin full lines, and the fully-opened position described by engaging theend 3 with one of the several intermediate lugs 3 Damper 3" is carefullyseated and must make a gas-tight closure of hole 3. By gastight closureor a seal is meant a closure that will be sufficiently tight tosubstantially prevent the leakage of gas under the pressure existing inthe fuel magazine during normal operation.

The upper end of housing 2 is in the same plane as the upper end of fuelchute 4. These ends are carefully surfaced. Both are closed with thehinged cover 5, which can be tightly clamped on by thumb-screws G, (3.This cover is fully shown in Figs. at and 5 but broken off in Fig. 1 inorder to more clearly show the structure beneath.

The walls of the upper part of draft flue 4 comprise housing 2, thefront wall of chute 4, two partitions 1", 4", which connect the sides ofsaid chute and said housing, and a partition 4 parallel with and betweenthe tops of said chute and said housing and a short distance below saidtop. The cover 5 is perforated with holes 5 in a circle about a centralpivot 5 The holes 5 open into the flue space l around chute 4. A cap 5*is retained on cover- 5 by pivot 5 and may revolve on said pivot. Cap 5has a set of holes 5 normally registering with holes 5" A ,i,192,19o

in cover 5. Two of each set of these registering holes 5 and 5 areclearly shown in Fig. 3. By turning cap 5 through a partial revolutionabout pivot 5 the openings 5 through cover 5 can be more'or lesscompletely closed. The stove finds suitable supports in legs 9.

The operation of this stove is as follows:

chute 4. Hinged cover 5 is tightly clamped down by screws 6, 6 making agas-tight closure. Damper 3" is fully opened. The fuel is ignitedthrough grate openings 12*. The openings 5 through flue cover 5 intodraft fine 4 are fully opened. The fuel now burns under direct draft.After the fuel in the fire pot is thoroughly ignited damper 3 is fullyand tightly closed, as are also all other openings exceptdraft holes 5which remain open. During the operation of the stove under direct draftthe air was expelled from the magazine 1 and replaced with the productsof combustion. With the damper and the stoke hole tightly closed asdescribed, no gases can -enter or leave the magazine except through thefirepot openings 12. But since-air can at all times pass from the ashpit1 through flues 1, 1", 1 and 3 into stack pipe 10, it therefore entersthe open draft 5" and fills the ashpit and must pass closely by thegrate openings 12 in order toenter flues 1 on its way to the chimney towhich the stack pipe 10 is connected. Hence the firepot is suspended, asitwvere, in airand the combustion already started in the firepot, asdescribed, will draw on this airin the ashpit for support and saidcombustion will continue in a slow way until the producer gas generatedthereby and accumulating in the magazine 1 has sufficient pressure to[low downward through the burning fuel in the firepot where it isburned, and the hot, incombustible products of this burning passdownward through openings 12 into the ashpit and from thence togetherwith the surplus of said draft air through flues 1, 1', 1 and 3 into thestack pipe 10. A quantity of these hot gases will fill the upper parts1, of the radiating fines and give up a portion of their heat to theradiating surfaces inclosing the same, and other portions of said heatwill be absorbed from said gases by the radiating walls of the flues 1"as they pass downward therethrough. The progress of the combustion ofthe fuel in the firepot can be controlled by the rate of admission ofair through the draft holes 5".

burning.

But these openings, especially in the upper part of the pot are small inorder to reduce the amount thus escaping the second burning to theminimum.

In case a tight closure should not, on cas ion, be made by hinged coverover fuel a chute 4-, the producer gas escaping here will be carrieddownward by the draft air through the flue of housing 2" and thusultimately pass into the smoke pipe without having escaped into theroom.

It may now be understood that my new process of burning fuel fordomestic purposes requires that the combustion be conducted on a gratein the bottom of an otherwise tightly closed chamber and that thiscombustion comprises the primal burning of the fuel to generate producergas and also the subsequent burning of this gas on the same grate whereit was generated. The successful continuance of this slow, primalburning and the subsequent burning of the gas dependent thereonwhichconstitute complete combustion-requires that all outlets from saidchamber, except said grate, be kept tightly closed during normaloperation. Also, that in order to support thls slow, dual combustion onsaid grate, the draft air must be caused to pass closely by said grate.

After this detailed description of my stove and its operation it will benoted that it constitutes a radiator inclosing a producergas generatorand burner and therefore is well adapted to burn fuel and radiate heatfrom said combustion under conditions favorable for efficiency.

Having thus described my invention what I claim to be new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is,

1. In a stove of the character described, the combination of a fuelmagazine having a stoke hole and also a smoke outlet opening into astack flue, a cover making a gas-tight closure of said stoke hole duringnormal operation of said stove, a damper seated over said smoke outletmaking a gas-tight closure of the same during normal operation of saidstove, a firepot continuous with the lower end of said magazine andhaving grate openings in its bottom, an ashpit beneath said firepot, asmoke flue connecting said ashpit with the stack flue, and controllablemeans of admitting ambient air into said ashpit.

2. In a stove of the character described, the combination of a fuelmagazine having a stoke hole and also a smoke outlet opening into asmoke pipe, a cover making a gastight closure of said. stoke hole duringnormal operation of said stove, a damper seated over said smoke outletmaking a gas-tight closure of the same during said normal operltion, afirepot continuous with the lower and of said magazine and having grateapenings in its bottom, an ashpit beneath said firepot, verticalradiator-flues leading upward from said ashpit to a chamber on top ofsaid magazine, vertical radiator flues leading downward from saidchamber to a smoke flue, a smoke flue leading from said downward fluesinto said smoke pipe, and controllable means for admitting ambient airinto said ashpit.

3. In a stove of the character described, the combination of a pluralityof similar vertical units each comprising a section of a fuel magazine,firepot, ashpit, also two vertical, return, radiator, smoke flues, thelower end of each up flue of which connects with said ashpit section andthe lower end of each down flue of which connects With a section of ahorizontal, radiator, smoke flue, and said horizontal radiator fluesections; a front plate having a stoke hole, with a tightly closablecover, leading into said fuel magazine, a controllable draft flueleading into said ashpit and an ashpit door; a back plate having atightly closable smoke outlet leading from said fuel magazine into asmoke flue, and said smoke flue leading from said horizontal flues andfrom said smoke outlet into a smoke pipe; and means to fasten saidvertical units and said front and back plates together.

4. In a stove comprising a plurality of similar, vertical units, eachhaving a section of a fuel magazine, firepot and ashpit, fastenedbetween front and back end plates, the combination of a plurality ofsaid similar, .vertical units; two sections of horizontal, radiator,smoke flues in each of said units; two vertical, return, radiator, smokeflues embracing said fuel magazine and firepot sections in each of saidunits, the up flue of each of said return flues connected with saidashpit section and the down flues of the same leading into saidhorizontal-flue sections; said front plate having a stoke hole chuteleading into said fuel magazine, an ashpit door, and a draft flueleading into said ashpit, the top of which surrounds said stoke holechute, and a cover which makes a tight closure of said stoke hole chuteand a controllably variable closure of said draft flue; said back platehaving a tightly closable smoke outlet leading from said flue magazineinto a smoke flue, and said smoke flue leading from said horizontalflues and said smoke outlet into a smoke pipe; and means to fasten saidvertical units and said front and back plates together.

5. In a stove comprising a plurality of similar, vertical units, eachhaving sections of a fuel magazine and ashpit, said units fastenedtogether in operative relation with front and back end plates, thecombination of said plurality of similar, vertical units; two sectionsof horizontal, radiator, smoke flues in each of said units; twovertical, re-

turn, radiator, smoke fiues in each of said \Vhatcom and State ofWashington this 9th units, each leading into one of said horizonday ofJune A. D. 1915.

tel flue sections said front and back end plates; and means to fastensaid similar, ver- JACQUES 5 tical units between said end plates inopera- WVitnesses:

tive relation. JOHN L. THOMAS, Signed at Bellingham in the county of R.S. SIMPSON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. C.

